Academic Community Opinion on Mining

Academic Community Opinion:

Protect a Unique Environment in Southeast Arizona

The Problem of Proposed Open Pit Mines in Santa Rita Mountains and Patagonia Mountains in Southeast Arizona

By Elizabeth Bernays, Regents’ Professor, University of Arizona

Due to planned mines, southeast Arizona is threatened as a habitat for both wildlife and people. The biological diversity is higher than for any region in the USA, with its sky islands, washes, desert flats and grasslands creating a major tourism industry based on naturalists, hunters, hikers, bikers, and researchers. The Nature Conservancy’s Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Preserve is quoted by the Audubon Society as the one of the best birding locations in the entire country.

There is a drought in Arizona, and severe drought predicted in the coming decades. Water will become ever more critical yet international companies are planning to develop mines for silver, copper and other metals. Such mining industries use vast quantities of fresh water and produce vast quantities of contaminated water. Best known is the planned Rosemont mine in the Santa Rita Mountains. The site is only 25 miles from Tucson, and closer to a number of smaller townships. Rosemont’s water use estimate is over 3 trillion gallons per year [1] probably reducing the water table by at least 1000 feet over time and thus severely impacting the vegetation over square miles, affecting private wells and town water. Trees will disappear and habitat for most animals will be wrecked. The mining operation would last 20 years, yet drawdown of the water table is predicted to continue to expand for miles outward and for hundreds of years [2].

Just south of the Santa Rita Mountains, over 200 mining claims have recently been established in the Patagonia Mountains, with the possibility of future mining activity even bigger than that of Rosemont. This will destroy many square miles of forest and kill the town of Patagonia, along with the wild life. The oasis of Patagonia Lake would be lost forever. And the various companies are not to be trusted in their reports. For example, in October of 2011, a plan of operations submitted by Arizona Minerals, Inc. a subsidiary of Wildcat Silver Corporation, to conduct exploratory drilling on public lands near Patagonia was approved by the Forest Service. The memo lists floodplains, wetlands, and municipal watersheds as “not present.” Yet the site is right in Harshaw Creek watershed, draining into Sonoita Creek (and hence Patagonia, Santa Cruz River and Nogales). Already, there are pollutants above those allowed for drinking water, resulting from some mining activity [3].

All the lands being considered for mining are prime wildlife habitat, provide important wildlife corridors, and are home to abundant game and non-game species such as deer, javelina, bats, mountain lion, coatimundi, quail, hawks, vultures, golden eagles, and songbirds. Threatened and endangered species, such as the Lesser Long-nosed Bat, and the Pima Pineapple Cactus, and other vulnerable species such as the Jaguar, Rufous-winged Sparrow, Bells Vireo occur in the area. In the Patagonia Mountains several of the proposed mines are in critical habitat for the threatened Mexican Spotted Owl [4]. The actual damage to the habitat, and the derived damage from lowered water tables would severely impact these and most other animals.

Besides the drastic effect on water, the level of industrial activity and road traffic will have a huge impact on the whole area south of Tucson. For Rosemont mine alone, hundreds of mine trucks will travel 24/7 up and down highway 83. There would also be truckloads of concentrated sulfuric acid, a variety of petroleum products, surfactants, and cyanide. This is a two-lane major scenic route for the cyclists, motorcyclists and motorists, as well as off-road riders, that make up a large part of the sustainable industry in the “Mountain Empire” of Sonoita, Elgin and Patagonia (birding, hiking, wine tasting, horseback riding, biking, camping, hunting, visiting art galleries and historical monuments). If there were to be mining in the Patagonia Mountains, truck traffic could be ten times more than the traffic of the Rosemont mine. The current sustainable economy would be lost to a 20-year activity, leaving a trail of ghost towns.

In some of the most scenic and popular regions in the state these open pit mines also threaten the whole appearance of the countryside. Rosemont pit would cover 700 acres and the billion tons of tailings would cover another 3,000 acres, most of it on forestry land. Such tailings provide the toxic dust familiar from such mines, and a hazard in this windy desert environment. Further, there would be 250 acres of equipment, 24/7 blasting, and the end of dark skies in this astronomers’ paradise. Air quality in relation to Rosemont is serious enough for Pima County to deny an air-quality permit though the company is working to overturn the ruling. The situation would be worse in Patagonia with the nearest possible mine being just eight miles south of town.

The huge pits with their toxic lakes will be a serious hazard for birds of many species including rare migrating birds, and especially those attracted to water. The liners of such pits are known to tear quite frequently, releasing noxious chemicals into the ground water. The released acid reacts with other ores washing out other toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and arsenic, so that they contaminate the ground water.

In conclusion, it appears that southeastern Arizona, and in particular the Santa Rita-Patagonia Mountain region is too sensitive, too scenic, and too valuable to be exploited by huge mining operations. This is a desert and water is its most valuable resource. This is a special area for wildlife and recreation of all kinds. This is too close to a major city and to historic and irreplaceable small townships with their special kinds of sustainable development.

[1] Water Consumption at Copper Mines in Arizona, by Dr. Madan M. Singh, State of Arizona Department of Mines & Mineral Resources, Special Report 29, December 2010.
[2] Hydrogeology of the Santa Rita Rosemont Project Site: Numerical Groundwater Modeling of the Conceptual Flow, Model and Effects of the Construction of the Proposed Open Pit, April 2008. Prepared for Pima County Regional Flood Control District, Prepared by: Tom Myers PhD, Hydrologic Consultant.
[3] ADEQ Report, Total Maximum Daily Load For Upper Alum Gulch, Sonoita Creek Basin, Santa Cruz River Watershed, Coronado National Forest near Patagonia, Santa Cruz County, Arizona HUC 15050301-561A Parameters: Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, and Acidity. June 30, 2003.
[4] Ganey JL and Balda RP Distribution and Habitat Use of the Mexican Spotted Owl in Arizona, Condor 91, 366-361.

1. Elizabeth Bernays, Regents’ Professor, University of Arizona, USA
2. H. Ronald Pulliam, Regents Professor Emeritus, University of Georgia, USA
3. Daniela Rodrigues, Assistant Professor, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4. Gary Paul Nabhan, Kellogg Professor of Southwestern Borderlands Food and Water Security, University of Arizona, USA
5. Loy Volkman, Professor Emerita, University of California, Berkeley, USA
6. Michael Singer, Associate Professor, Wesleyan University, CT, USA
7. Yves Carriere, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
8. Noah Whiteman, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
9. Wulfila Gronenberg, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
10. Wayne Getz, Professor of Environmental Science, UC Berkeley, USA
11. Wendy Moore, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
12. Richard C. Hoyer, Bird Biologist, Tucson, Arizona, USA
13. Nancy A. Moran, Professor, Yale University, and member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
14. Howard Ochman, Professor, Yale University, USA
15. Lee A. Rogers, Scientist, Patagonia, Arizona, USa
16. Susan Wethington, Director of the Hummingbird Monitoring Network, Patagonia, Arizona, USA
17. Richard Karban, Professor of Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA
18. Anurag Agrawal, Professor of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, USA
19. Alexander V. Badyaev, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
20. Mary E. Power, Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
21. Linda Gheen, Photojournalist, Patagonia, AZ, USA
22. Kathi Noaker, Board Member, Patagonia Area Resource Alliance
23. Michael Stabile, Board Member, Patagonia Area Resource Alliance
24. Wendy Russell, Board Member, Patagonia Area Resource Alliance
25. Glen Goodwin, Board Member, Patagonia Area Resource Alliance
26. Cliff Hirsch, Board Member, Patagonia Area Resource Alliance
27. Linda Hirsch, Board Member, Patagonia Area Resource Alliance
28. Damian O. Elias, Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
29. Gregory A. Sword, Charles R Parencia Professor, Texas A&M University, USA
30. Michael Worobey, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
31. John G. Hildebrand, Regents’ Professor, University of Arizona, and member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
32. Alison Hawthorne Deming, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
33. David L. Wagner, Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
34. James E. Pepper, Professor of Environmental Studies, Emeritus, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
35. Gail Browne, Executive Director University of Arizona Poetry Center, USA
36. John Stireman, Associate Professor, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
37. Kerry L. Bright, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
38. Nickolas M. Waser, University of California Riverside and University of Arizona, USA
39. Mary V. Price, University of California Riverside and University of Arizona, USA
40. Michael W. Nachman, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
41. Daniel R. Papaj, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
42. Oliver A. Ryder, Adjunct Professor, University of California, San Diego,USA
43. Peter Chesson, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
44. Michael D. Greenfield, Professeur / Chercheur, CNRS, Univ François Rabelais de Tours, France
45. Anna Dornhaus, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
46. Robert Smith, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
47. Robert Merideth, Editor, Tucson, AZ, USA
48. Phil Jenkins, Curator, University of Arizona Herbarium, USA
49. Paul Feeny, Professor Emeritus, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, USA
50. Stephen J. Simpson, ARC Laureate Professor, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
51. Sanford Eigenbrode, Professor and Chair of the Division of Entomology, University of Idaho, USA
52. Chen-Zhu Wang, Professor, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
53. Ronald L. Rutowski, Professor, Arizona State University, USA
54. Fenton Johnson, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
55. Shelley McMahon, Associate Professor, University of Arizona and Director, UA Herbarium, USA
56. Erich Städler, PD Emeritus, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland
57. Richard Michod, Professor and Department Head Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, USA
58. Dr Martin Taylor, former conservation biologist with the Center for Biological Diversity,Tucson,USA
59. Dr Joshua Rosenthal, Ecosystems Biologist, Washington,DC, USA
60. Prof. Carol Bender, University Distinguished Outreach Professor, University of Arizona, USA
61. Martha Weiss, Associate Professor, Georgetown University, USA
62. Andreas Erhardt, Professor, University of Basel, Switzerland
63. Dr. Thomas R. Van Devender, Sky Island Alliance, USA
64. Thomas G. Whitham, Regents’ Professor, Northern Arizona University, USA
65. Douglas J. Emlen, Professor, The University of Montana, USA
66. Dr. Phil deVries, Professor, University of New Orleans, USA
67. Jessica Lamberton, Biologist, Sky Island Alliance, USA
68. Dr. Steven J. Seybold, Research Entomologist, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and Faculty Affiliate, Dept. Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA
69. Alexander H. Purcell, Professor Emeritus, Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
70. Shahid Naeem, Professor of Ecology, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, NY, USA
71. Dr. Carol Baird, Executive Officer, California Institute for Biodiversity, Moraga, CA, USA
72. Dr. Wade Bunting, Anthropologist, formerly at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
73. Alison Bunting, formerly at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
74. Dr. Richard B. Levine, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
75. Dr. Alison Purcell O’Dowd, Professor, Humboldt State University, Department of Environmental Science & Management, USA
76. Katharine Milton, Professor. Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
77. Dr. Loy Volkman, Professor Emerita, University of California, Berkeley, USA
78. Susan Hardy Aiken, Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona, USA
79. Catherine A Gehring, Professor, Northern Arizona University, USA
80. Dr. Andrew D. Graves, Forest Entomologist, USDA Forest Service, New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
81. Dr.Bruce Walsh, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
82. Dr.Philip C. Rosen, Research Scientist, School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, USA
83. Dr. Guy R. McPherson, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
84. Bert Hölldobler, Foundation Professor, Arizona State University, USA
85. Rodrigo P.P. Almeida, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
86. Regis Ferriere, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
87. Judie Bronstein, Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona, USA
88. David Raubenheimer, Professor, Massey University, New Zealand, USA
89. Margaret G. Kidwell, Regents’ Professor Emerita, The University of Arizona and member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
90. Wayne Maddison, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada
91. C.William Birky Jr, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
92. Carlos Martinez Del Rio, Professor, University of Wyoming, USA
93. Therese Markow, Amylin Professor in Life Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
94. Jose M.C. Ribeiro, Vector Biologist, Senior Research Scientist at a Federal Institution, Former Professor at the University of Arizona, USA
95. Letitia Aviles, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada
96. Frederic Marion-Poll, Professor, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, France
97. Joseph L. Spencer, Professor, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
98. John Glendinning, Professor, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, USA
99. Peter Nonacs, Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
100. Dr. Cristina Sandoval, Director, University of California Santa Barbara, Coal Oil Point Reserve, USA
101. Dr. Kevin Lafferty, Research Scientist, USGS, USA
102. Bruce Tabashnik, Professor, and Head of Entomology, University of Arizona, USA
103. Dr. Andrea Mathias, Research Scientist, University of Arizona, USA
104. Dr. David Walker, Research Scientist, University of Arizona, USA
105. Patrick Abbot, Associate Professor, Vanderbilt University, USA
106. Larry Singer, Professor, University of Southern California, USA
107. Fred Gould,William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor, University of North Carolina, USA
108. Dr Dorothy Comeau, Topanga, California, USA
109. Jed Fuhrman, McCulloch-Crosby Professor, University of Southern California, USA
110. John Pickering, Associate Professor,University of Georgia, USA
111. Dr. MaryLou Higgins, World Wildlife Fund, Colombia
112. Barrett Klein, Lecturer, University of Konstanz, Germany
113. Joanna Monti-Masel, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
114. Craig LaMunyon, Associate Professor, Cal Poly Pomona, USA
115. Jerry Powell, Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
116. Dr. Yar Petryszyn, University of Arizona, USA
117. Professor, Doctor Thomas Hartmann, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
118. Cherry McCormack, Birdwatcher, Newcastle, Australia
119. Dr. Donald Champagne, Professor, University of Georgia, USA
120. Kipling Will, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
121. Conrad Istock, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona; Visiting Fellow Cornell University, USA
122. Daniel Rubinoff, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii, USA
123. Gregory Sword, Charles R. Parencia Chair in Cotton Entomology, Texas A&M University, USA
124. David Byrne, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
125. Elizabeth Braker, Associate Professor, Occidental College, California, USA
126. David Galbraith, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
127. Willilam Conner, Professor, Wake Forest University, North Carolina, USA
128. Donald R Strong, Professor, University of California Davis, USA
129. Diana Wheeler, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
130. Peter Wilfred Price, Professor Emeritus, Northern Arizona University, USA
131. Brian Farrell, Professor, Harvard University, USA
132. Gary Felton, Professor, Penn State University, USA
133. Robin Chazdon, Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
134. Reuven Dukas, Professor, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
135. Jane Bock, Professor Emerita, University of Colorado, USA
136. Martha Hunter, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
137. Robert A. Raguso, Professor, Cornell University, USA
138. Robert Robichaux, Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona
139. Carl Bock, Professor Emeritus, University of Colorado
140. Professor Dr Louis Schoonhoven, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
141. David Wood, Professor, University of California Berkeley
142. Aurelie Sheehan, Professor, University of Arizona
143. Jennifer Fewell, Professor, Arizona State University
144. Lee A. Dyer, Professor, University of Nevada, Reno
145. Rodolfo Dirzo, Bing Professor, Stanford University
146. Dr. Katrina Mangin, Director Science Education Outreach, University of Arizona
147. John Stoffolano, Professor, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
148. Ray B. Nagle, MD, Professor, University of Arizona
149. Dr. Stephen Buchmann, Affiliated Scientist, University of Arizona
150. Goggy Davidovitz, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona
151. Lisa Nagy, Professor, University of Arizona
152. Joanna Moni-Masel, Associate Professor, University of Arizona
153. Renee Duckworth, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
154. Matthew Sullivan, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
155. Oliver Monti-Masel, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
156. Virginia Rich, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
157. James Tumlinson, Professor, Ralph O. Mumma Professor of Entomology, Penn State University, USA
158. James Frazier, Professor, Penn State University, USA
159. Pedro Barbosa, Professor, University of Maryland, USA
160. David Raichlen, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
161. Dr. Tobias Uller, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford University, UK
162. Dr. Tristram Wyatt, Senior Research Associate, Oxford University, UK
163. Professor Dr. Erich Buchner, Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Wurtzburg, Germany
164. Professor Stig Larsson, Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden
165. Dr. Ray Barbehenn, Associate Research Scientist, University of Michigan, USA
166. Dr. Helmet Van Emden, Professor Emeritus, University of Reading, UK
167. Daniel Potter. B.C.Pass Professor, University of Kentucky, USA
168. Phyllis Coley, Professor, University of Utah, USA
169. Dana Garrigan, Associate Professor, Carthage College, Wisconsin, USA
170. Dr.Peter Haskell, former Director, Centre for Overseas Pest Research UK and Professor Emeritus, Cardiff University, UK
171. Naomi Shahib Nye, Chancellor, Academy of American Poets, USA
172. Steve Russell, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
173. Frank Messina, Professor, Utah State University, USA
174. Tom Kursar, Professor, University of Utah, USA
175. James B. Whitfield, Professor, University of Illinois, USA
176. Sydney A Cameron, Associate Professor, University of Illinois, USA
177. Carol D von Dolen, Associate Professor, Utah State University, USA
178. Mark Scriber, Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University, USA
179. Hugh Dingle, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Davis, USA
180. Jim Miller, Professor, Michigan State University, USA
181. Marion Harris, Professor, North Dakota State University, USA
182. Yoonseong Park, Associate Professor, Kansas State University, USA
183. Kerry Oliver, Assistant Professor, University of Georgia, USA
184. Jonathan Gershenzon, Professor, Max Planck for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
185. Karl Kramer, Adjunct Professor Emeritus, Kansas State University, Research Scientist USDA-ARS, USA
186. Virginia R. Kramer, Kansas State University, USA
187. Hanna Mustaparta, Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
188. Michael C. Singer, Professor, University of Texas, Austin, USA
189. Christer Wiklund, Professor, Stockholm University, Sweden
190. Dr. Camille Parmesan, National Aquarium Chair in the Public Understanding of Oceans and Human Health, Plymouth University, UK
191. Michael Kanost, Distinguished Professor, Kansas State University, USA
192. Dr. Ian Baldwin, Professor, Max Planck for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
193. Stuart Reynolds, Professor Emeritus, University of Bath, and President, Royal Entomological Society, UK
194. John Pickett, Michael Elliott Distinguished Research Fellow, Rothamsted Research Station, and Fellow of the Royal Society, UK
195. Soren Nylin, Professor, Stockholm University, Sweden
196. Dr. Richard Harrington, head scientist, Rothamsted Research Station, and Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, UK
197. Niklas Janz, Associate Professor, Stockholm University, Sweden
198. Aletta Bonn, Professor, Free University of Berlin, Germany
199. Steph Menken, Professor, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
200. Joop van Loon, Associate Professor, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
201. Michael Siva-Jothy, Professor, University of Sheffield, UK
202. Larry Gilbert, Professor, University of Texas, Austin, USA
203. Dr. Adam Dobson, Cornell University, USA
204. Dr. William G. Eberhard, Scientist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
205. Professor Dr. Jana Petermann, Free University, Berlin, Germany
206. Jens Rolff, Professor, Free University, Berlin, Germany
207. Xavier Belles Ros, Director, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Barcelona, Spain
208. Marlene Zuk, Professor, University of Minnesota, USA
209. Gonzalo Giribet, Professor, Harvard University, USA
210. Susan Masta, Associate Professor, Portland State University, USA
211. Colin Osborne, Professor, University of Sheffield, UK
212. Gerd Gade, Professor, University of Cape Town, South Africa
213. Dr.May Jane West-Eberhard, Scientist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
214. Greta Binford, Assistant Professor, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon, USA
215. Nicholas Barry Davies, Professor and Fellow of the Royal Society, University of Cambridge, UK
216. Tamas Szekely, Professor, University of Bath, Bath, UK
217. Stephen Perlman, Professor, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
218. Erin Espelie, Executive Editor, Natural History Magazine, USA
219. Michael Smith, Professor, Kansas State University,USA
220. Robert Colwell, Distinguished Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
221. Professor Dr. Marcel Dicke, Wageningen University, winner of NWO Spinoza Prize, The Netherlands
222. Karl Espelie, Professor, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
223. Curtis Lively, Distinguished Professor, Indiana University, USA
224. Richard Shelton, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
225. John Law, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, and member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
226. Dr. Tibor Jermy, Director Emeritus, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
227. Stephen A. Wainright, Professor Emeritus, Duke University, USA
228. Dr. Alex Mira, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
229. Dr. Carolina Reisenman, Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, USA
230. Lisa Nagy, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
231. Andrew Balmford, Professor of Conservation Science, University of Cambridge, UK
232. Thomas Mitchell-Olds, Duke University, USA
233. Dr. Geoff Monteith, Queensland Museum, Australia
234. H.C.J. Godfray, Professor, Oxford University and Fellow of the Royal Society, UK
235. Joy Winzerling, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
236. Dr. Gopalan C. Unnithan, Extension Entomologist, University of Arizona, USA
237. Aurelio Jose Figueredo, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
238. Philip Hedrick, Professor, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
239. Dr. Nicholas J. Gibson, Neurobiologist, University of Arizona, USA
240. Gregory Martin, Associate Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
241. Michael Breed, Professor, University of Colorado, USA
242. Alan Nighorn, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
243. Patricia Stock, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
244. Scott Collins, Professor, and Director of the Sevilleta LTER, University of New Mexico, USA
245. Brian Larkins, Porterfield and Regents Professor, University of Arizona, USA
246. Dennis Ray, University Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona, USA
247. Professor Dr. Louise E.M.Vet, Director, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
248. Emilie Snell-Rood, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota, USA
249. Alison Brody, Professor, University of Vermont, USA
250. Jeremy Thomas, OBE, Professor, and Fellow of New College, University of Oxford
251. Dr. Justin Schmidt, Southwestern Biological Institute and Adjunct Professor, University of Arizona, USA
252. Astrid Kodric-Brown, Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
253. James H. Brown, Distinguished Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
254. Gordon Grigg, Professor Emeritus, University of Queensland, Australia
255. Paul Opler, Professor, Colorado State University, USA
256. Meron Zalucki, Professor, University of Queensland, Australia
257. Philip Service, Professor, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
258. Dr. Donald Reynolds, Scientist, Natural Resources Institute, Greenwhich University, UK
259. Xianchun Li, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
260. Robert Cheke, Scientist, Natural Resources Institute, Greenwhich University, UK
261. M. J. Crawley, Professor, Imperial College, University of London, and Fellow of the Royal Society, UK
262. John Reese, Professor, Kansas State University, USA
263. Simon R. Leather, Professor, Imperial College, University of London, UK
264. Jens Kvist Nielsen, Professor, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen Denmark
265. Mark Beilstein, Assistant Professor, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, USA
266. Dr. Frank Ramberg, Entomologist, University of Arizona, USA
267. Stephen Malcolm, Professor, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA
268. Patrice Morrow, Professor Emerita, University of Minnesota, USA
269. Eileen A. Hebets, Associate Professor, University of Nebraska, USA
270. Soren Bak, Professor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
271. Klaas Vrieling, Professor, Leiden University, The Netherlands
272. Jacques Pasteels, Professor, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
273. Professor Dr. Teja Tscharntke, Georg.August University, Gottingen, Germany
274. John Jaenike, Professor, University of Rochester, New York
275. David Karowe, Professor, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA
276. David Pfennig, Zachary Taylor Smith Professor, University of North Carolina, USA
277. Hans VanEtten, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
278. Dr. Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Adjunct Professor, University of Arizona, USA
279. Dr. Bobbi Peckarsky, Emeritus Professor, Cornell University and Adjunct Professor, University of Wisconsin, USA
280. John Vandermeer, Asa Gray Distinguished Professor, University of Michigan, USA
281. C.Ronald Carroll, Associate Dean/Co-Director UGA River Basis Center, University of Georgia, USA
282. Carol Hoffman, Professor, University of Georgia, USA
283. Takayuki Ohgushi, Professor, Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan
284. Dr. Gerard Febvay, Scientist INRA, Lyon, France
285. Mark Hunter, Henry A. Gleason Collegiate Professor, University of Michigan, USA
286. James L. Patton, Professor, University of California Berkeley, USA
287. Gimme Walter, Professor, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
288. Svata Louda, Charles Bessey Professor Emeritus, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
289. Paul K. Dayton, Professor, Scripps Institute, University of California San Diego, USA
290. E.Annette Halpern Hinds, Professor Emeritus, Cal State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
291. Dr. Mark R. Stromberg, Professor Emeritus and Director of Hastings Natural History Reservation, University of California Berkeley, USA
292. Paul Feeny, Professor Emeritus, Cornell University, USA
293. Dr. Michael Hochberg, Director, CNRS, Montpelier University, France
294. Mark Beilstein, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
295. David Wagner, Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
296. Dr. Martine Rahier, Professor and Rector, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland
297. David Hinds, Professor Emeritus, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
298. Jenna Moore, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, USA
299. Dr. Charles J. Cole, Curator-in-Charge, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA [as a private citizen]
300. Dr. Carol R. Townsend, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA [as a private citizen]
301. Linda Restifo, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
302. Bernard Roitberg, Professor, Simon Fraser University, Canada
303. Richard L. Lindroth, Professor and Associate Dean, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
304. Michael R. Strand, Distinguished Research Professor, University of Georgia, USA
305. Jim Hardie, Professor, Royal Entomological Society Director of Science and Imperial College, University of London, UK
306. Frank Hanson, Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland Baltimore Campus, USA
307. Richard L. Hutto, Professor and Director of the Avian Science Center, University of Montana, USA
308. Dr. Bradley Boyle, Research Scientist, University of Arizona Herbarium, University of Arizona, USA
309. David Wake, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley, USA
310. Michael Crimmins, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist in Climate Science, University of Arizona, USA
311. Dr. Christopher Daniel O’Connor, Research Specialist, University of Arizona, USA
312. Dr. James Ridsill-Smith, Scientist, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization and Adjunct Professor, University of Western Australia
313. William Z. Lidicker, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley, USA
314. Bradford A. Hawkins, Professor, University of California Irvine, USA
315. Hilary Nicholas, Researcher, University of Arizona, USA
316. Andres Moya, Professor, Centre for Public Health Research, University of Valencia, Spain
317. Hsiang Ling Chen, Wildlife Biologist, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Arizona, USA
318. Suzanne Koptur, Professor, Florida International University, Miami, USA
319. David Inouye, Professor, University of Maryland and Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Colorado, USA
320. Mark Tanouye, Professor, University of California Berkeley, USA
321. Anne Simonis, Researcher, Scripps Institution of Oceonography, University of California San Diego, USA
322. JImmye Hillman, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
323. Dr. Kent Daane, Extension Specialist, University of California Berkeley, USA
324. Miguel Altieri, Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
325. Marjorie A. Hoy, Professor, University of Florida, Gainsville, USA
326. John Lowell Capinera, Professor, University of Florida, Gainsville, USA
327. Dr. James Hoy, University of Florida and University of Michigan Biological Station, USA
328. Robert J. Grebenok, Professor, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA
329. Daniel A. Hahn, Associate Professor, University of Florida, Gainsville, USA
330. Astrid Kodric-Brown, Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
331. Fernando Noriega, Associate Professor, Florida International University, Miama, USA
332. Kate Boersma, Researcher, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
333. Mark Rausher, Professor, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
334. Dr. Jeff Waage, Professor, and Director, London International Development Centre, London, UK
335. Brenda Hillman, Professor, St. Mary’s College of California, USA
336. Nancy Stamp, Professor, Vice Provost and Dean, Binghampton University, SUNY, USA
337. James H. Brown, Distinguished Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
338. Fred Nijhout, Professor, Duke University, USA
339. David Dussourd, Professor, University of Central Arkansas, USA
340. John Reese, Professor, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA